CWE-441 Detail

The product receives a request, message, or directive from an upstream component, but the product does not sufficiently preserve the original source of the request before forwarding the request to an external actor that is outside of the product's control sphere. This causes the product to appear to be the source of the request, leading it to act as a proxy or other intermediary between the upstream component and the external actor.

Modes Of Introduction

Architecture and Design : REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Piattaforme applicabili

Linguaggio

Class: Not Language-Specific (Undetermined)

Sistemi operativi

Class: Not OS-Specific (Undetermined)

Architetture

Class: Not Architecture-Specific (Undetermined)

Tecnologie

Class: Not Technology-Specific (Undetermined)

Conseguenze comuni

Esempi osservati

Potential Mitigations

Phases : Architecture and Design
Enforce the use of strong mutual authentication mechanism between the two parties.
Phases : Architecture and Design
Whenever a product is an intermediary or proxy for transactions between two other components, the proxy core should not drop the identity of the initiator of the transaction. The immutability of the identity of the initiator must be maintained and should be forwarded all the way to the target.

Detection Methods

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Effectiveness : High

Note sulla mappatura delle vulnerabilità

Giustificazione : This CWE entry is a Class and might have Base-level children that would be more appropriate
Commento : Examine children of this entry to see if there is a better fit

Pattern di attacco correlati

Note

This weakness has a chaining relationship with CWE-668 (Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere) because the proxy effectively provides the attacker with access to the target's resources that the attacker cannot directly obtain.
This could possibly be considered as an emergent resource.
It could be argued that the "confused deputy" is a fundamental aspect of most vulnerabilities that require an active attacker. Even for common implementation issues such as buffer overflows, SQL injection, OS command injection, and path traversal, the vulnerable program already has the authorization to run code or access files. The vulnerability arises when the attacker causes the program to run unexpected code or access unexpected files.

Riferimenti

REF-432

The Confused Deputy (or why capabilities might have been invented)
Norm Hardy.
http://www.cap-lore.com/CapTheory/ConfusedDeputy.html

REF-1125

Validation Vulnerabilities
moparisthebest.
https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/acme/s6Q5PdJP48LEUwgzrVuw_XPKCsM/

Invio

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