Mô tả CAPEC

This attack targets command-line utilities available in a number of shells. An adversary can leverage a vulnerability found in a command-line utility to escalate privilege to root.

Thông tin CAPEC

Luồng thực thi

1) Explore

[Identify target system] The adversary first finds a target system that they want to gain elevated priveleges on. This could be a system they already have some level of access to or a system that they will gain unauthorized access at a lower privelege using some other means.

2) Explore

[Find injection vector] The adversary identifies command line utilities exposed by the target host that contain buffer overflow vulnerabilites. The adversary likely knows which utilities have these vulnerabilities and what the effected versions are, so they will also obtain version numbers for these utilities.

3) Experiment

[Craft overflow command] Once the adversary has found a vulnerable utility, they will use their knownledge of the vulnerabilty to create the command that will exploit the buffer overflow.

4) Exploit

[Overflow the buffer] Using the injection vector, the adversary executes the crafted command, gaining elevated priveleges on the machine.

Điều kiện tiên quyết

The target host exposes a command-line utility to the user.
The command-line utility exposed by the target host has a buffer overflow vulnerability that can be exploited.

Kỹ năng cần thiết

An adversary can simply overflow a buffer by inserting a long string into an adversary-modifiable injection vector. The result can be a DoS.
Exploiting a buffer overflow to inject malicious code into the stack of a software system or even the heap can require a higher skill level.

Các biện pháp giảm thiểu

Carefully review the service's implementation before making it available to user. For instance you can use manual or automated code review to uncover vulnerabilities such as buffer overflow.
Use a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking.
Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
Compiler-based canary mechanisms such as StackGuard, ProPolice and the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag. Unless this provides automatic bounds checking, it is not a complete solution.
Operational: Use OS-level preventative functionality. Not a complete solution.
Apply the latest patches to your user exposed services. This may not be a complete solution, especially against a zero day attack.
Do not unnecessarily expose services.

Điểm yếu liên quan

CWE-ID	Tên điểm yếu
CWE-120	Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input The product copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer.
CWE-118	Incorrect Access of Indexable Resource The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts operations within the boundaries of a resource that is accessed using an index or pointer, such as memory or files.
CWE-119	Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
CWE-74	Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component The product constructs all or part of a command, data structure, or record using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify how it is parsed or interpreted when it is sent to a downstream component.
CWE-20	Improper Input Validation The product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly.
CWE-680	Integer Overflow to Buffer Overflow The product performs a calculation to determine how much memory to allocate, but an integer overflow can occur that causes less memory to be allocated than expected, leading to a buffer overflow.
CWE-733	Compiler Optimization Removal or Modification of Security-critical Code The developer builds a security-critical protection mechanism into the software, but the compiler optimizes the program such that the mechanism is removed or modified.
CWE-697	Incorrect Comparison The product compares two entities in a security-relevant context, but the comparison is incorrect.

Tài liệu tham khảo

REF-1

Exploiting Software: How to Break Code
G. Hoglund, G. McGraw.

Gửi

Tên	Tổ chức	Ngày	Ngày phát hành
CAPEC Content Team	The MITRE Corporation	2014-06-23 +00:00

Sửa đổi

Tên	Tổ chức	Ngày	Bình luận
CAPEC Content Team	The MITRE Corporation	2017-01-09 +00:00	Updated Related_Attack_Patterns
CAPEC Content Team	The MITRE Corporation	2018-07-31 +00:00	Updated References
CAPEC Content Team	The MITRE Corporation	2020-07-30 +00:00	Updated Execution_Flow
CAPEC Content Team	The MITRE Corporation	2021-10-21 +00:00	Updated Execution_Flow
CAPEC Content Team	The MITRE Corporation	2022-02-22 +00:00	Updated Description, Skills_Required
CAPEC Content Team	The MITRE Corporation	2022-09-29 +00:00	Updated Example_Instances

Chi tiết CAPEC-9

CAPEC-9