名稱: Write-what-where Condition

Any condition where the attacker has the ability to write an arbitrary value to an arbitrary location, often as the result of a buffer overflow.

一般資訊

引入方式

Implementation

適用平台

程式語言

類別： Memory-Unsafe (Undetermined)
名稱： C (Undetermined)
名稱： C++ (Undetermined)

常見後果

範圍	影響	可能性
Integrity Confidentiality Availability Access Control	Modify Memory, Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands, Gain Privileges or Assume Identity, DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart, Bypass Protection Mechanism 注意：Clearly, write-what-where conditions can be used to write data to areas of memory outside the scope of a policy. Also, they almost invariably can be used to execute arbitrary code, which is usually outside the scope of a program's implicit security policy. If the attacker can overwrite a pointer's worth of memory (usually 32 or 64 bits), they can redirect a function pointer to their own malicious code. Even when the attacker can only modify a single byte arbitrary code execution can be possible. Sometimes this is because the same problem can be exploited repeatedly to the same effect. Other times it is because the attacker can overwrite security-critical application-specific data -- such as a flag indicating whether the user is an administrator.
Integrity Availability	DoS: Crash, Exit, or Restart, Modify Memory 注意：Many memory accesses can lead to program termination, such as when writing to addresses that are invalid for the current process.
Access Control Other	Bypass Protection Mechanism, Other 注意：When the consequence is arbitrary code execution, this can often be used to subvert any other security service.

觀察到的案例

參考資料	描述
CVE-2019-19911	Chain: Python library does not limit the resources used to process images that specify a very large number of bands (CWE-1284), leading to excessive memory consumption (CWE-789) or an integer overflow (CWE-190).
CVE-2022-0545	Chain: 3D renderer has an integer overflow (CWE-190) leading to write-what-where condition (CWE-123) using a crafted image.

潛在緩解措施

Phases : Architecture and Design
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
Phases : Operation
Use OS-level preventative functionality integrated after the fact. Not a complete solution.

偵測方法

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
有效性 : High

Automated Dynamic Analysis

Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518].
有效性 : Moderate

漏洞對應備注

理由說明 : This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
備註 : Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

參考資料

REF-44

24 Deadly Sins of Software Security
Michael Howard, David LeBlanc, John Viega.

REF-18

The CLASP Application Security Process
Secure Software, Inc..
https://cwe.mitre.org/documents/sources/TheCLASPApplicationSecurityProcess.pdf

REF-1518

AddressSanitizer
https://clang.llvm.org/docs/AddressSanitizer.html

REF-1534

Automated Technical Debt Measure, Version 2
OMG.
https://www.omg.org/spec/ATDM2/1.0/PDF

提交

名稱	機構	日期	發布日期	Version
CLASP		2006-07-19 +00:00	2006-07-19 +00:00	Draft 3

修改記錄

名稱	機構	日期	備註
Eric Dalci	Cigital	2008-07-01 +00:00	updated Time_of_Introduction
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2008-09-08 +00:00	updated Applicable_Platforms, Common_Consequences, Relationships, Other_Notes, Taxonomy_Mappings, Weakness_Ordinalities
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2008-11-24 +00:00	updated Common_Consequences, Other_Notes
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2009-01-12 +00:00	updated Common_Consequences
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2009-05-27 +00:00	updated Relationships
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2010-12-13 +00:00	updated Relationships
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2011-06-01 +00:00	updated Common_Consequences
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2012-05-11 +00:00	updated Common_Consequences, References, Relationships
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2012-10-30 +00:00	updated Demonstrative_Examples
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2013-02-21 +00:00	updated Potential_Mitigations
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2014-07-30 +00:00	updated Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2015-12-07 +00:00	updated Relationships
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2017-11-08 +00:00	updated Causal_Nature, Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Taxonomy_Mappings
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2019-01-03 +00:00	updated Relationships
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2019-06-20 +00:00	updated Relationships
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2019-09-19 +00:00	updated Relationships
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2020-02-24 +00:00	updated Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2020-08-20 +00:00	updated Relationships
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2020-12-10 +00:00	updated Relationships
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2021-03-15 +00:00	updated References
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2022-10-13 +00:00	updated Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2023-04-27 +00:00	updated Relationships
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2023-06-29 +00:00	updated Mapping_Notes
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2023-10-26 +00:00	updated Observed_Examples
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2025-04-03 +00:00	updated Relationships
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2025-09-09 +00:00	updated Affected_Resources, Functional_Areas, Observed_Examples
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2025-12-11 +00:00	updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, References
CWE Content Team	MITRE	2026-10-28 +00:00	updated References

CWE-123 詳細資料

CWE-123