名称: Server-Side Request Forgery
The web server receives a URL or similar request from an upstream component and retrieves the contents of this URL, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the request is being sent to the expected destination.
基本信息
引入方式
Architecture and DesignImplementation
适用平台
编程语言
类： Not Language-Specific (Undetermined)技术
类： Web Based (Undetermined)名称： AI/ML (Often)
名称： Web Server (Undetermined)
常见后果
| 影响范围 | 影响 | 可能性 |
|---|---|---|
| Confidentiality | Read Application Data | |
| Integrity | Execute Unauthorized Code or Commands | |
| Access Control | Bypass Protection Mechanism 注意： By providing URLs to unexpected hosts or ports, attackers can make it appear that the server is sending the request, possibly bypassing access controls such as firewalls that prevent the attackers from accessing the URLs directly. The server can be used as a proxy to conduct port scanning of hosts in internal networks, use other URLs such as that can access documents on the system (using file://), or use other protocols such as gopher:// or tftp://, which may provide greater control over the contents of requests. |
观察示例
| 参考资料 | 描述 |
|---|---|
CVE-2026-33626 | SSRF in LLM toolkit accesses arbitrary URLs for images, as exploited in the wild in April 2026 to conduct port scanning [REF-1519] |
CVE-2024-3095 | SSRF in LLM application development framework because the URL retriever allows connections to local addresses using a crafted Location header |
CVE-2023-32786 | Chain: LLM integration framework has prompt injection (CWE-1427) that allows an attacker to force the service to retrieve data from an arbitrary URL, essentially providing SSRF (CWE-918) and potentially injecting content into downstream tasks. |
CVE-2021-26855 | Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF) in mail server, as exploited in the wild per CISA KEV. |
CVE-2021-21973 | Server Side Request Forgery in cloud platform, as exploited in the wild per CISA KEV. |
CVE-2016-4029 | Chain: incorrect validation of intended decimal-based IP address format (CWE-1286) enables parsing of octal or hexadecimal formats (CWE-1389), allowing bypass of an SSRF protection mechanism (CWE-918). |
CVE-2002-1484 | Web server allows attackers to request a URL from another server, including other ports, which allows proxied scanning. |
CVE-2004-2061 | CGI script accepts and retrieves incoming URLs. |
CVE-2010-1637 | Web-based mail program allows internal network scanning using a modified POP3 port number. |
CVE-2009-0037 | URL-downloading library automatically follows redirects to file:// and scp:// URLs |
潜在缓解措施
Phases : Implementation // OperationIf there is a known list of applications, IP, hostname, and/or domains to which the product is allowed to communicate, then use allowlists to ensure that outgoing requests are restricted to these known entities. The allowlists could be in the application code or possibly enforced by firewalls or network segmentation [REF-1511].
Phases : Implementation // Operation
If the product is expected to be able to connect to arbitrary IP addresses or domains, consider using a denylist that includes private network addresses, internal domain names, etc. The denylist could be in the application code or possibly enforced by firewalls or network segmentation [REF-1511].
Phases : Implementation
检测方法
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)有效性 : High
漏洞映射说明
依据 : This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.备注 : Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
相关攻击模式
| CAPEC ID | 攻击模式名称 |
|---|---|
| CAPEC-664 | Server Side Request Forgery
|
备注
CWE-918 (SSRF) and CWE-611 (XXE) are closely related, because they both involve web-related technologies and can launch outbound requests to unexpected destinations. However, XXE can be performed client-side, or in other contexts in which the software is not acting directly as a server, so the "Server" portion of the SSRF acronym does not necessarily apply.参考资料
REF-913
SSRF vs. Business-critical applications: XXE tunneling in SAPAlexander Polyakov, Dmitry Chastukhin.
https://media.blackhat.com/bh-us-12/Briefings/Polyakov/BH_US_12_Polyakov_SSRF_Business_Slides.pdf
REF-914
SSRF vs. Business-critical Applications. Part 1: XXE Tunnelling in SAP NetWeaverAlexander Polyakov, Dmitry Chastukhin, Alexey Tyurin.
http://erpscan.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/SSRF-vs-Businness-critical-applications-whitepaper.pdf
REF-915
Cross Site Port Attacks - XSPA - Part 1Riyaz Ahemed Walikar.
https://ibreak.software/2012/11/cross-site-port-attacks-xspa-part-1/
REF-916
Cross Site Port Attacks - XSPA - Part 2Riyaz Ahemed Walikar.
https://ibreak.software/2012/11/cross-site-port-attacks-xspa-part-2/
REF-917
Cross Site Port Attacks - XSPA - Part 3Riyaz Ahemed Walikar.
https://ibreak.software/2012/11/cross-site-port-attacks-xspa-part-3/
REF-918
SSRF attacks and sockets: smorgasbord of vulnerabilitiesVladimir Vorontsov, Alexander Golovko.
https://www.slideshare.net/DefconRussia/vorontsov-golovko-ssrf-attacks-and-sockets-smorgasbord-of-vulnerabilities
REF-919
SSRF bible. CheatsheetONsec Lab.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1v1TkWZtrhzRLy0bYXBcdLUedXGb9njTNIJXa3u9akHM/edit?pli=1#
REF-920
Web Portals: Gateway To Information, Or A Hole In Our Perimeter DefensesDeral Heiland.
https://archive.org/details/Web_Portals_Gateway_to_Information_or_a_Hole_in_our_Perimeter_Defenses_Deral_Hei
REF-1511
Server-Side Request Forgery Prevention Cheat SheetOWASP.
https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Server_Side_Request_Forgery_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet.html
REF-1519
CVE-2026-33626: How attackers exploited LMDeploy LLM Inference Engines in 12 hoursSysdig Threat Research Team.
https://www.sysdig.com/blog/cve-2026-33626-how-attackers-exploited-lmdeploy-llm-inference-engines-in-12-hours
提交记录
| 名称 | 组织 | 日期 | 发布日期 | Version |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CWE Content Team | MITRE | 2.4 |
修改记录
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| CWE Content Team | MITRE | updated Relationships | |
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| CWE Content Team | MITRE | updated Applicable_Platforms, References | |
| CWE Content Team | MITRE | updated References | |
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| CWE Content Team | MITRE | updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships | |
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| CWE Content Team | MITRE | updated Observed_Examples | |
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| CWE Content Team | MITRE | updated Applicable_Platforms, Observed_Examples, References | |
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| CWE Content Team | MITRE | updated Applicable_Platforms, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships | |
| CWE Content Team | MITRE | updated Name, Potential_Mitigations |
