CAPEC-674 Detail

An adversary alters the functionality of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) by causing an FPGA configuration memory chip reload in order to introduce a malicious function that could result in the FPGA performing or enabling malicious functions on a host system. Prior to the memory chip reload, the adversary alters the program for the FPGA by adding a function to impact system operation.

Prerequisites

An adversary would need to have access to FPGA programming/configuration-related systems in a chip maker’s development environment where FPGAs can be initially configured prior to delivery to a customer or have access to such systems in a customer facility where end-user FPGA configuration/reconfiguration can be performed.

Skills Required

An adversary would need to be skilled in FPGA programming in order to create/manipulate configurations in such a way that when loaded into an FPGA, the end user would be able to observe through testing all user-defined required functions but would be unaware of any additional functions the adversary may have introduced.

Mitigations

Utilize DMEA’s (Defense Microelectronics Activity) Trusted Foundry Program members for acquisition of microelectronic components.
Ensure that each supplier performing hardware development implements comprehensive, security-focused configuration management including for FPGA programming and program uploads to FPGA chips.
Require that provenance of COTS microelectronic components be known whenever procured.
Conduct detailed vendor assessment before acquiring COTS hardware.

References

REF-660

Supply Chain Attack Patterns: Framework and Catalog
Melinda Reed, John F. Miller, Paul Popick.
https://docplayer.net/13041016-Supply-chain-attack-patterns-framework-and-catalog.html

REF-439

Supply Chain Attack Framework and Attack Patterns
John F. Miller.
http://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/publications/supply-chain-attack-framework-14-0228.pdf

REF-662

Assuring Microelectronics Innovation for National Security & Economic Competitiveness (MINSEC)
Jeremy Muldavin.

Submission

Modifications